Terms, context and debates ijtihad was an important method of jurisprudence for all maddhabs until the fourth century. The continued use of the term ijtihad in the sense of ray. Ia terhasil setelah ulama mujtahid berfatwa tentang sesuatu masalah yang berlawanan dengan kaedah umum mengenai masalah yang serupa dengannya. Istihsan as a concept is close to equity in western law. Shalawat salam semoga selalu tercurah kepada nabi muhammad, rasul terakhir, pembawa ajaran tuhan, sebagai pembawa rahmat sekalian alam. Dengan demikian maka istihsan menurut mereka berarti beramal dengan ijmak, atau dengan almaslahat almursalat. Therefore, this study attempts to analyze the development of islamic law, particularly in the application of the concept of istihsan in the syariah courts in malaysia. The majority hold that istihsan is a source of islamic law.
Paparan di atas memberikan sedikit gambaran tentang perbedaan antara pendukung dan penentang istihsan maupun istislah yang pada hakikatnya hanya berupa perbedaaan redaksional. Guides decision making in cases where there are several potential outcomes. Muhammad ibrahim jannati page 6 of 92 the period during which ijtihad bi alray was known as tawil. This is also true in respect on the use of sources of islamic law, such as istihsan, istislah and qawl sahabi, which are rejected by the shafii madhhab. Pdf syariah courts in malaysia and the development of. Istihsan wikipedia bahasa indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas. Pengertian maslahah mursalah, kedudukan dan contohnya. Istihsan istihsan adalah salah satu cara atau sumber dalam mengambil hukum islam. Istihsan is considered as being the counterpart of equity in common law. Istihsan secara bahasa adalah kata bentukan musytaq dari alhasan apapun yang baik dari sesuatu. Pdf syariah courts in malaysia and the development of islamic. Itulah sebabnya dalam pembahasan kriteria seorang mujtahid, penguasaan akan ilmu ini dimasukkan sebagai salah satu syarat mutlaknya untuk menjaga agar proses. However, in effect majority have accepted istihsan.
Istislah bears some similarities to the natural law tradition in the west, as exemplified by thomas aquinas. Istihsan is one of the secondary sources in islamic law that is created from the principle of maslahah. Istihsan dengan ijmak ialah suatu peralihan daripada hukum pada satusatu masalah yang telah menjadi kaedah umum kepada hukum yang diistinbat melalui ijmak. Although, the terms seem to be different in the actual sense, but sometimes they do overlap each other, as they all focus in achieving same goal. From the definitions discussed above, it is observed that maliki jurists emphasized on the principle of istislah, but in principle, they validated istihsan. Sunni scholars rejected the use of ijtihad after this time period, and the caliphs at the. Pengertian istihsan, dasar hukum, pembagian dan contoh. Istihsan pada hakikatnya dapat merombak hukum lama yang ditetapkan dengan qiyas, atau dengan kata lain, hukum yang ditetapkan dengan istihsan berbeda dengan hukum lama yang ditetapkan oleh qiyas. Pendahuluan ilmu ushul fiqih merupakan salah satu intsrumen penting yang harus dipenuhi oleh siapapun yang ingin melakukan mekanisme ijtihad dan istinbath hukum dalam islam. Istihsan and istislah are two legal principles of reasoning, attributed respectively to the hanafi and. The relationship that exists between fatwa andijtihad, ijma, qiyas, istislah and istihsan is significant to the development of shariah. Contoh makalah istihsan, istishab, dan maslahah mursalah. The authors might have considered some of these topics to be somewhat. Istihsan adalah salah satu cara atau sumber dalam mengambil hukum islam.
The difference between the two meanings of ijtihad from the. Koleksi pengertian ijtihad istislah file download file. Syariah courts in malaysia and the development of islamic jurisprudence. Maliki schools, that are often used as interchangeable terms. Dari segi inilah istihsan merupakan suatu metode istinbat hukum yang sangat relevan dengan pembaharuan hukum islam. Therefore, this study attempts to analyze the development of islamic law. Istihsan is one of the methodsdevices apart from maslahah and siyasah as shariyyah to incorporate social changes into islamic law, where the strict requirements of islamic law would not allow it. A comparison between ijtihad among shia muslims and istihsan. Imam alshafiiasserts that it means to make law by its arbitrary opinion and a doctrine based on desire. Istislah wikipedia bahasa melayu, ensiklopedia bebas.
This is also true in respect on the use of sources of islamic law, such as istihsan, istislah and qawl sahabi, which are rejected by the shafii. The scholars who use as argument interpret istihsan as turned away from will of qiyas to more powerful qiyas or. I was just wondering if someone could explain the difference between istislah and qiyas to me and perhaps provide some examples for me. Pdf usul alfiqh, is the foundation of islamic law or shariah law. The study of istihsan article pdf available january 20 with 1,647 reads how we measure reads.
The application of the rule of istihsan bi almaslahah. Imam shafii, shii and zahiri ulama have rejected it as a method of deduction. Istihsan adalah menurut bahasa berarti menganggap baik, sedangkan menurut istilah, istihsan adalah meninggalkan qiyas yang nyata untuk menjalankan qiyas yang tidak nyata samarsamar atau meninggalkan hukum kulli umum untuk menjalankan hukum istinai pengecualian disebabkan ada dalil yang menurut logika membenarkannya. Pdf islam presents a comprehensive system of life based on divine guidance. The reasons for such omissions are not always clear. Definisi istishab istishab menurut bahasa berarti mencari sesuatu yang ada hubungannya. A jurisprudential overlap between fatwa, ijtihad, ijma. Istihsan it only applies to cases on which there is a precedent available usually in the form of qiyas, but istihsan seeks a departure from it in favour of an alternative ruling in a form of a hidden analogy or an exception to a ruling of existing law relationship between qiyas, istihsan and istislah mm qiyas. Istishab definisi istishhab istishhab secara bahasa adalah menyertakan, membawa serta dan tidak me. Istihsan is an important branch of ijtihad, and has played a prominent role in adaptation of islamic law to the changing needs of society. Manakala sumbersumber yang tidak disepakati ini ialah al istihsan, alistishab, qawl sahabi dan pelbagai lagi. Istihsan and istislah were developed as an answer to this need. Menurut alsyafii, al istihsan itu sekalikali bukan dalil syari.
Atau mengikuti sesuatu yang lebih baik atau mencari yang lebih baik atau. Understanding usul alfiqh and its application analysis for sukuk. Change in the meaning of ijtihad from its original sense of ray. Islamic jurists define istihsan as leaving a designated law to. Islamic law and the challenges of modern times ijtihad. However, whereas natural law deems good that which is known selfevidently to be good, according as it tends towards the fulfilment of the person, istislah calls good whatever is connected to one of five basic goods. Ijtihad interpreting islamic principles islamicity. Istihsan found special application as islam spread to new lands and encountered new environments.
Contemporary proponents of liberal movements within islam have used istihsan and the similar idea of istislah arabic for to deem proper as ethical principles to favour feminist and reformist interpretations of the quran and sunnah, thus looking to reform islamic law. Istihsan dalam ushul fiqih maliki dibagi empat macam, yaitu meninggalkan suatu dalil karena ada urf,ijma,mewujudkan maslahat, dan dalam masalahmasalah kecil yang tidak begitu berarti guna menghilangkan kesukaran dan kesulitan. Ulama hanafiyah menggunakan al istihsan ini dengan alasan bahwa berdalil dengan al istihsan itu sebenarnya sama dengan berdalil dengan qiyas khafy atau berdalil dengan istislah, kesemuanya dapat diterima. According to some jurists, istihsan is a source of. Jumhur ulama telah bersepakat bahawa ada empat sumber yang disepakati dalam mengeluarkan sesuatu hukum iaitu alquran, alsunnah, alijma dan alqiyas. Imam arrazi menarifkan bahwa maslahah mursalah ialah perbuatan yang bermanfaat yang telah diperintahkan oleh musyarri allah kepada hambanya tentang pemeliharaan agamanya, jiwanya, akalnya, keturunannya, dan harta bendanya imam alghazali menarifkan bahwa maslahah mursalah pada dasarnya ialah meraih manfaat dan menolak mudarat. Pengertian qiyas qiyas menurut bahasa arab berarti menyamakan. Full text of islamic jurisprudence internet archive.
In its juristic sense, istihsan is a method of exercising personal opinion ray in order to avoid any rigidity and unfairness that might result from literal application of law. Consider istihsan or istislah general interests of the community and the general principles and objectives of shariah when extending laws to new cases not covered by the previous two methods. Istihsan is one of the methodsdevices apart from maslahah and siyasah as shariyyah to incorporate social changes into islamic law, where the strict requirements of. Sunni jurists, instead of using ijtihad, developed istihsan and istislah, two very similar methods which consist of favoring a qiyas over another. Makalah istihsan, istishab, dan maslahah mursalah mr. Kemaslahatan yang ditolak oleh syara karena bertentangan dengan ketentuan syara, syara yang menentukan bahwa orang yang memlakukan hubunga sexsual disiang hari dalam bulan ramadhan dikenakan hukuman memerdekakan budak, atau puasa selam dua bulan berturutturut, atau memberi makan 60 oarang fakir miskin, dan ulama ushul fiqh memberikan pandangan. Istislah, in islamic law, a norm used by jurists to solve problems that find no clear answer in religious texts. Use is limited to necessity and specific circumstances, and often requires the reinterpretation of relevant quranic verses, hadith, and fiqh materials. Istislah is a method employed by muslim jurists to solve problems that find no clear answer in.
Syariah courts in malaysia and the development of islamic. Ijtihadits meaning, sources, beginnings and the practice. Refers to the principle that permits exceptions to strict andor literal legal reasoning in favor of the public interest maslahah. Protecting the health of children by mandating vaccination. Sedangkan istihsan berarti menganggap sesuatu itu baik. Sebagai sebuah metode penetapan hukum yang tetap berpegang pada dalil, istihsan dan istishlah disepakati penggunaannya oleh semua ulama. Jurists go into great detail in explaining rules and limits of interpretation, analogy, istihsan and istislah. Differences between istislah, analogy, and istihsan. Allows jurists to abandon a strong precedent for a weaker precedent in the interests of justice. Scope of sha 3411 secondary sources istihsan istislah masalih almursalah sadd aldharai istishab urf fatwa. Alhamdulillahirabbillalamin, puji syukur hanya untuk allah karena taufi dan hidayahnya dapatlah di selesaikan penulisan makalah ini. Islamic law and the challenges of modern times december 1, 2016 articles, library, viewpoints islamic law is a member of the family of religious laws, but unlike other religious legal systems, it presents itself as a law which is universal and for all times and places. The study of istihsan umexpert university of malaya. Its meaning, sources, beginnings and the practice of ray by.
In such cases, the judge rules by determining first what is most beneficial to the community as a whole, then what benefits the local community, and. Juristic preference istihsan islamic bankers resource. However, the shafiishave objected to the use of the principle of istihsan. The paper realized that ijtihad, ijma, qiyas, istislah and istihsan could better be described as. Disamping orang yang menerima kehujjahan maslahah mursalah ada juga ulama yang menolak untuk dijadikan dasar hukum,seperi imam syafii, dengan alasan bahwa maslahah mursalah disamakan dengan istihsan, selain itu alasannya ialah. They both seem to involve the use of deductive reasoning and the use of ones ijtihad and i just wanted to clarify any misconceptions i may have. Ibn hanbal used this principle to seek the best solution in order to serve the general interest of the muslim community. Itulah sebabnya dalam pembahasan kriteria seorang mujtahid, penguasaan akan ilmu ini dimasukkan sebagai salah. Atau dengan kata lain, ialah menyatakan tetapnya hukum pada masa lalu, sampai ada dalil yang mengubah. Pdf maslahahs role as an instrument for revival of ijtihad. Istihsan has been validated by hanafi, maliki and hanbali jurists. Istihsan juristic preference istihsan literally means to deem something preferable.